AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHA- LITIS PANEL SERUM

Autoimmune Encephalitis Panel, Serum

What it is

The Autoimmune Encephalitis Panel, Serum is a diagnostic blood test that detects specific antibodies linked to autoimmune encephalitis. This condition occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks proteins in the brain, leading to inflammation and neurological symptoms.

Uses

This test is used to help diagnose autoimmune encephalitis, identify the type of antibodies involved, and guide treatment decisions. It may also support the evaluation of patients with unexplained seizures, movement disorders, or psychiatric symptoms.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may order this test if a patient presents with sudden or unexplained neurological and psychiatric symptoms such as seizures, memory loss, confusion, hallucinations, abnormal movements, or rapid behavioral changes.

Abnormal Results

Positive Result: Indicates the presence of specific autoantibodies (e.g., NMDA receptor, LGI1, CASPR2, GABA, AMPA), supporting a diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. The type of antibody helps determine the exact subtype and possible associated tumors.

Negative Result: No autoimmune encephalitis antibodies detected. However, a negative result does not completely rule out the disease, and clinical correlation with MRI, EEG, and CSF analysis may be required.

Risks

This is a routine blood test with minimal risks. Possible side effects include mild pain, bruising, or bleeding at the puncture site, and rarely dizziness or infection.