BETA 2 GLYCOPROTEIN IGM, SERUM

Beta-2 Glycoprotein IgM, Serum

What it is

The Beta-2 Glycoprotein IgM test measures IgM autoantibodies directed against Beta-2 Glycoprotein I (β2GPI), a plasma protein involved in blood clotting. These antibodies belong to the group of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) and are strongly associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS).

Uses

This test helps diagnose Antiphospholipid Syndrome, especially in patients with unexplained blood clots or pregnancy complications. It is also used to evaluate the risk of venous or arterial thrombosis, recurrent miscarriages, and autoimmune conditions. Often performed together with Beta-2 Glycoprotein IgG, IgA, anticardiolipin antibodies, and lupus anticoagulant tests.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may order this test if you experience deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, stroke at a young age, recurrent pregnancy loss, stillbirth, severe preeclampsia, or skin changes such as livedo reticularis (a mottled purple rash). It is also recommended for individuals with unexplained clotting issues.

Abnormal Results

Positive Beta-2 Glycoprotein IgM: Indicates the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and supports the diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome if confirmed on repeat testing 12 weeks apart. It may suggest increased risk of thrombosis and pregnancy loss.

Negative Result: Suggests no detectable IgM antibodies. However, APS cannot be ruled out since other antibody types (IgG or IgA) may still be positive.

Risks

The test is a simple blood test with minimal risks. Mild pain, bruising, or bleeding at the puncture site may occur. Rarely, dizziness or infection may develop.