CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, ROUTINE EXAMINATION

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Routine Examination

What it is

The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Routine Examination is a laboratory test that analyzes fluid collected from around the brain and spinal cord. CSF protects the central nervous system and provides important diagnostic clues about infections, bleeding, inflammation, and neurological diseases. A routine CSF exam usually includes physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of the fluid.

Uses

This test is used to diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord. It helps detect infections such as meningitis or encephalitis, bleeding in the brain, multiple sclerosis, and certain cancers that spread to the central nervous system. It is often ordered when patients present with unexplained neurological symptoms.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may recommend a CSF examination if you experience severe headache, neck stiffness, fever, seizures, confusion, altered mental status, weakness, vision problems, or unexplained neurological changes. It may also be ordered when subarachnoid hemorrhage or central nervous system malignancy is suspected.

Abnormal Results

Appearance: Normal CSF is clear and colorless. Cloudy fluid may suggest infection; blood-stained fluid may indicate bleeding.

Cell Count: Increased white blood cells may point to infection or inflammation, while red blood cells may indicate hemorrhage.

Chemistry: Low glucose levels can suggest bacterial or fungal infection, while high protein may indicate inflammation or tumor involvement.

Microscopy: Detects organisms (bacteria, fungi) or malignant cells if present.

Risks

The test requires a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to collect CSF. Risks includ