COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC), WHOLE BLOOD

Complete Blood Count (CBC), Whole Blood

What it is

The Complete Blood Count (CBC), Whole Blood test is a routine laboratory investigation that measures the levels and characteristics of major blood components. These include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets, as well as red cell indices such as MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Together, these parameters provide essential information about your overall health and blood function.

Uses

The CBC is used as a general health check and to help detect conditions like anemia, infections, clotting disorders, immune system problems, and blood cancers such as leukemia. It is often included in annual health screenings, pre-surgical evaluations, and as a monitoring tool for patients undergoing treatment for chronic illnesses or chemotherapy.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may order a CBC if you experience persistent fatigue, weakness, pallor, frequent infections, fever, unexplained weight loss, excessive bruising, or prolonged bleeding. It is also recommended when there are signs of inflammation or when blood abnormalities are suspected from routine exams.

Abnormal Results

Low RBCs, Hemoglobin, or Hematocrit: Suggests anemia due to iron deficiency, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, chronic illness, or blood loss.

High RBCs or Hemoglobin: May indicate dehydration, chronic lung disease, or polycythemia vera.

Low WBC Count: Can occur with viral infections, bone marrow disorders, or as a side effect of certain medications.

High WBC Count: Suggests bacterial infection, inflammation, stress, or leukemia.

Low Platelets: May lead to bleeding risk due to autoimmune disease, bone marrow issues, or drug effects.

High Platelets: Can indicate inflammation, iron deficiency, or bone marrow disorders.

Risks

The test requires a small blood sample taken from a vein. Risks are minimal and may include slight bruising, discomfort, or temporary dizziness at the puncture site. These effects are minor and short-lived.