COPPER, 24 HRS URINE

Copper, 24 Hrs Urine

What it is

The Copper, 24 Hours Urine test measures the amount of copper excreted in urine collected over a 24-hour period. Copper is a trace mineral essential for red blood cell formation, enzyme activity, connective tissue strength, and nervous system function. Abnormal copper levels may indicate genetic, metabolic, or liver disorders.

Uses

This test is most often used to diagnose and monitor Wilson’s disease, a rare inherited disorder where copper accumulates in the liver, brain, and other tissues. It is also useful for evaluating unexplained liver damage, monitoring copper-chelating therapy, investigating copper toxicity, and assessing conditions such as chronic active hepatitis or biliary cirrhosis.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may order this test if you present with signs such as persistent fatigue, jaundice, unexplained liver disease, tremors, slurred speech, mood or behavioral changes, neurological decline, or dark-colored urine. In children or adolescents, it may be ordered for unexplained liver dysfunction or neurological symptoms.

Abnormal Results

Elevated Urinary Copper: Strongly suggests Wilson’s disease, liver dysfunction, or copper poisoning from environmental or supplemental exposure.

Low Urinary Copper: May indicate Menkes disease (a genetic disorder of copper absorption), severe malnutrition, or gastrointestinal absorption issues.

Risks

The test is non-invasive, involving only urine collection over 24 hours. Risks are minimal but include inconvenience or errors from incomplete collection, which can affect accuracy.