COPPER, SERUM

Copper, Serum

What it is

The Copper, Serum test measures the concentration of copper in the bloodstream. Copper is an essential trace element required for many biological functions, including red blood cell formation, iron metabolism, nervous system health, immune defense, and connective tissue development. Abnormal serum copper levels can indicate nutritional imbalances, genetic disorders, or liver disease.

Uses

This test is commonly used to help diagnose and monitor conditions such as Wilson’s disease (a genetic disorder leading to excess copper storage), Menkes disease (a disorder of copper deficiency), chronic liver disease, biliary cirrhosis, or malnutrition. It can also be ordered to evaluate unexplained anemia, neurological symptoms, or suspected heavy metal imbalances.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

A doctor may order a serum copper test if you experience fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, tremors, difficulty walking or speaking, mood or behavioral changes, unexplained anemia, or liver dysfunction. In infants and children, developmental delays or seizures may prompt testing for inherited copper metabolism disorders.

Abnormal Results

High Serum Copper: May indicate Wilson’s disease, copper poisoning, chronic infections, certain cancers, or conditions such as primary biliary cirrhosis. High copper levels may also be seen during pregnancy or with oral contraceptive use.

Low Serum Copper: May suggest Menkes disease, malnutrition, malabsorption disorders (such as celiac disease), nephrotic syndrome, or severe chronic illness.

Risks

The test requires a simple blood draw, with minimal risks such as slight pain, bruising, or dizziness at the puncture site. These side effects are temporary and uncommon.