DENGUE FEVER PROFILE, EIA, SERUM

Dengue Fever Profile, EIA, Serum

What it is

The Dengue Fever Profile, EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay), Serum test is a blood test that detects antibodies (IgM and IgG) against the dengue virus using EIA/ELISA technology. It helps determine both recent and past infections. This profile may also include NS1 antigen detection for early-phase diagnosis, providing a more comprehensive evaluation of dengue infection.

Uses

This test is primarily used to confirm dengue fever in patients with acute febrile illness. It helps distinguish between primary infection (first-time dengue) and secondary infection (re-infection), which carries a higher risk of severe dengue. It is also used in surveillance, outbreak monitoring, and in guiding appropriate clinical care.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may recommend this test if you have sudden high fever, severe headache, retro-orbital (behind the eyes) pain, muscle or joint pain, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, or mild bleeding (such as gum or nose bleeds). It is especially useful in people who live in or have recently traveled to dengue-endemic regions.

Abnormal Results

Positive IgM Antibodies: Indicates a recent or active dengue infection, usually within the first few weeks of illness.

Positive IgG Antibodies: Suggests past dengue infection or possible secondary infection if IgM is also positive.

Positive NS1 Antigen (if included): Confirms early dengue infection, often within the first 1–7 days of symptoms.

Negative Results: Suggest no evidence of dengue infection, although early testing may miss cases, requiring repeat testing or alternative methods (PCR).

Risks

The test requires a standard blood draw. Risks are minimal, including mild pain, bruising, or dizziness at the puncture site. These effects are temporary and uncommon.