HELICOBACTER PYLORI IGG ANTIBODIES

Helicobacter pylori IgG Antibodies

What it is

The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) IgG Antibodies test is a blood test that detects the presence of IgG antibodies produced in response to infection with the H. pylori bacteria. This bacterium colonizes the stomach lining and is a leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and has been associated with gastric cancer. IgG antibodies usually appear within weeks of infection and can remain detectable for months to years, even after the infection is cleared.

Uses

This test is used to:

• Help diagnose an H. pylori infection in symptomatic patients.
• Identify patients with a history of infection, even if it is no longer active.
• Support the evaluation of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, or suspected gastric malignancies.
• Complement other diagnostic methods such as stool antigen test or urea breath test.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms such as persistent upper abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, frequent indigestion, or gastrointestinal bleeding (vomiting blood, black/tarry stools).

Abnormal Results

Positive H. pylori IgG: Indicates current or past infection. Since IgG persists long after infection is treated, it does not differentiate between active and resolved infection. Confirmation with stool antigen or urea breath test is often recommended.

Negative H. pylori IgG: Suggests no evidence of current or prior exposure. However, very early infection may yield false-negative results, requiring repeat testing if symptoms persist.

Risks

The test requires a routine blood draw. Risks are minimal, including mild bruising, slight pain, or temporary dizziness at the puncture site. These typically resolve quickly.