HEPATITIS B CORE TOTAL ANTIBODY, SERUM

Hepatitis B Core Total Antibody, Serum

What it is

The Hepatitis B Core Total Antibody (Anti-HBc Total) test detects both IgM and IgG antibodies directed against the core antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Unlike surface antigen (HBsAg) or surface antibody (Anti-HBs) tests, the core antibody test indicates prior exposure to the virus. It remains positive for life after infection, even if the infection has resolved, but it is not produced after vaccination.

Uses

This test is used to:

• Determine if a person has ever been exposed to hepatitis B virus.
• Differentiate between past infection, ongoing infection, and immunity from vaccination.
• Identify occult or hidden HBV infection when other markers are inconclusive.
• Support interpretation of hepatitis B serologic profiles in combination with HBsAg, Anti-HBs, and Anti-HBc IgM.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

This test may be ordered if you have a history of unexplained liver enzyme abnormalities, possible hepatitis exposure (sexual contact, IV drug use, blood transfusion, or occupational exposure), or if you need clarification of hepatitis B status before vaccination or immunosuppressive therapy.

Abnormal Results

Positive Anti-HBc Total: Indicates previous or ongoing HBV infection. Does not distinguish between acute, chronic, or resolved infection by itself. Further testing (HBsAg, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBs) is required for interpretation.

Negative Anti-HBc Total: Suggests no prior exposure to HBV. A person may still be protected if Anti-HBs is positive due to vaccination.

Risks

The test involves a routine blood draw. Risks are minimal and may include mild bruising, slight pain, or temporary dizziness at the puncture site, which usually resolve quickly.