Semen Analysis.

Semen Analysis

What it is

The Semen Analysis test evaluates the quantity and quality of a man’s semen and sperm. It is one of the primary tests for assessing male fertility. The analysis measures various parameters, including sperm count, motility (movement), morphology (shape), volume, pH, and the presence of white blood cells or other abnormalities. It helps determine the ability of sperm to fertilize an egg.

Uses

This test is used to:

• Assess male fertility in couples experiencing difficulty conceiving.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of a vasectomy (post-procedure sperm count).
• Monitor recovery after vasectomy reversal.
• Investigate causes of recurrent pregnancy loss.
• Support diagnosis of conditions affecting sperm production and quality.

Symptoms / Conditions That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may recommend this test if you have:

• Inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse (or 6 months if the female partner is over 35).
• History of testicular injury, infection, or surgery.
• Sexual dysfunction such as erectile or ejaculatory problems.
• Low semen volume or abnormal discharge.
• Suspected hormonal or genetic conditions linked to infertility.

Abnormal Results

• Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia): May indicate reduced fertility potential due to hormonal imbalance, varicocele, or lifestyle factors.
• Absent Sperm (Azoospermia): Suggests blockage, genetic disorders, or testicular failure.
• Poor Motility (Asthenozoospermia): Reduces chances of sperm reaching the egg.
• Abnormal Morphology (Teratozoospermia): Indicates poor sperm shape, which can affect fertilization.
• High White Blood Cells: May suggest infection or inflammation in the reproductive tract.

Abnormal results usually require repeat testing and may be followed by hormonal studies, genetic tests, or imaging to determine the cause.

Risks

This is a non-invasive test that requires semen collection, usually through masturbation. Risks are minimal and limited to:

• Mild anxiety or discomfort during sample collection.
• Possible embarrassment or stress, which may affect sample quality.