THYRODITIS PANEL ANTI TG & TPO

Thyroiditis Panel (Anti-Tg & Anti-TPO), Serum

What it is

The Thyroiditis Panel measures two important thyroid autoantibodies—Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO). These antibodies are directed against proteins essential for thyroid hormone production. Their presence indicates an autoimmune response against the thyroid gland, which may lead to inflammation (thyroiditis) and thyroid dysfunction.

Uses

This panel is primarily used to diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (most common cause of hypothyroidism) and Graves’ disease (a cause of hyperthyroidism). It is also used in the evaluation of patients with abnormal thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4), unexplained goiter, or fertility and pregnancy issues linked to thyroid autoimmunity.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may order this test if you experience symptoms of thyroid disease, such as fatigue, weight gain or loss, hair thinning, dry skin, sensitivity to heat or cold, irregular heartbeat, swelling in the neck (goiter), or menstrual and fertility problems. It is also ordered when thyroid inflammation is suspected on ultrasound or in patients with family history of autoimmune disease.

Abnormal Results

Positive Anti-TPO and/or Anti-Tg Antibodies: Suggests autoimmune thyroiditis, most commonly Hashimoto’s disease. Positive antibodies may also be seen in Graves’ disease and in some individuals without symptoms but at risk of developing thyroid dysfunction in the future.

Negative Antibodies: Suggests no evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis, although thyroid disease may still occur due to non-autoimmune causes.

Risks

The panel requires a simple blood draw. Risks are minimal and may include slight pain, mild bruising, or temporary dizziness at the puncture site. These effects are usually minor and short-lived.