COPPER 24-HOUR, URINE

Copper 24-Hour, Urine

What it is

The Copper 24-Hour Urine test measures the amount of copper excreted in the urine collected over a 24-hour period. Copper is an essential trace mineral necessary for healthy red blood cell production, connective tissue formation, and nervous system function. However, excessive copper accumulation in the body can be toxic and may signal metabolic or genetic disorders.

Uses

This test is primarily used to diagnose and monitor Wilson’s disease, a rare inherited condition in which copper builds up in the liver, brain, and other organs. It also helps evaluate other conditions such as biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, or copper poisoning. Doctors may also order it to monitor copper balance in patients receiving treatment with chelating agents or zinc therapy.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Your doctor may recommend this test if you show symptoms such as unexplained liver disease, fatigue, jaundice, tremors, difficulty speaking, abnormal movements, psychiatric changes, or neurological decline. In children or adolescents, behavioral changes and liver dysfunction may trigger the need for this test.

Abnormal Results

Elevated Copper Levels: Often suggest Wilson’s disease, chronic liver disease, or copper toxicity from environmental exposure or supplements. Levels are usually markedly increased in Wilson’s disease.

Low Copper Levels: May indicate Menkes disease (a rare genetic disorder affecting copper absorption), malnutrition, or impaired gastrointestinal absorption.

Risks

The test is non-invasive apart from urine collection. Risks are minimal but may include inconvenience or errors in collection. Proper 24-hour collection is essential for accurate results.