Prolactin, Serum

Prolactin, Serum

What it is

The Prolactin, Serum test measures the amount of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a key role in breast development, milk production after childbirth, and reproductive health. While small amounts are normally present in both men and women, abnormal levels can indicate hormonal imbalance, pituitary disorders, or other underlying conditions.

Uses

This test is used to:
– Diagnose hyperprolactinemia (excess prolactin levels).
– Evaluate infertility in both women and men.
– Investigate irregular or absent menstrual periods.
– Assess causes of galactorrhea (unexpected breast milk secretion).
– Evaluate pituitary gland function and screen for prolactinomas (pituitary tumors).
– Monitor treatment response in patients with pituitary or hormonal disorders.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may recommend a prolactin test if you have:
– Irregular or missed menstrual cycles.
– Infertility or difficulty conceiving.
– Galactorrhea (abnormal breast milk leakage not related to childbirth).
– Reduced libido or sexual dysfunction.
– Erectile dysfunction or low testosterone in men.
– Headaches or vision problems that suggest pituitary tumors.

Abnormal Results

High Prolactin (Hyperprolactinemia): May be caused by pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), hypothyroidism, medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants, blood pressure drugs), stress, or pregnancy. Symptoms often include infertility, menstrual disturbances, reduced libido, and bone loss if untreated.

Low Prolactin: Less common, but may be seen in pituitary gland dysfunction, hypopituitarism, or after certain medical treatments. Low levels may affect lactation in women post-delivery.

Risks

The test requires a routine blood draw. Risks are minimal and limited to mild pain, bruising, or dizziness at the puncture site. The laboratory analysis itself is safe and carries no risks.