URINARY CORTISOL

Urinary Cortisol (24-Hour Urine Test)

What it is

The Urinary Cortisol test measures the amount of cortisol excreted in urine over a 24-hour period. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a key role in regulating metabolism, blood sugar levels, immune response, and the body’s stress reaction. This test helps evaluate adrenal gland function more accurately than a single blood measurement because it reflects cortisol secretion throughout the day.

Uses

This test is mainly used to diagnose and monitor adrenal gland disorders. It helps in identifying conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome (excess cortisol production), Addison’s disease (low cortisol levels), and adrenal tumors. It is also useful for assessing patients with unexplained weight gain, high blood pressure, or abnormal blood sugar levels.

Symptoms That May Lead to the Test

Doctors may recommend a urinary cortisol test if a patient experiences rapid weight gain (especially around the abdomen and face), thinning skin, easy bruising, muscle weakness, irregular periods, mood swings, fatigue, or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency such as unexplained weight loss, low blood pressure, and chronic tiredness.

Abnormal Results

High Urinary Cortisol: Suggests conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal tumors, pituitary tumors producing ACTH, chronic stress, or prolonged corticosteroid medication use.

Low Urinary Cortisol: May indicate Addison’s disease, adrenal insufficiency, pituitary gland disorders, or suppression due to long-term steroid therapy.

Risks

The urinary cortisol test involves a 24-hour urine collection and carries no direct risks. The main inconvenience is proper sample collection and storage. No physical risks are associated with the test itself.